Gerald Silverberg studied physics and mathematics at Cornell and Harvard Universities in the USA. He worked as a science journalist in New York before moving to Europe and studying economics and economic history as well as mathematical systems theory. He was a Research Associate at the University of Stuttgart from 1983 to 1987 with primary responsibility for a research project on technical change and the theory of self-organisation, sponsored by the German Research Council (DFG). In 1987, he was employed by the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study (IFIAS), and in 1995/96 was a Senior Research Scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). He has been a Senior Research Fellow at MERIT since January 1988.

	Selected publications by Gerald Silverberg
Articles (journal, professional, popular)
McNerney, J., B.D. Fath & Gerald Silverberg, 2013, Network structure of inter-industry flows, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 392(24): 6427-6441, DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2013.07.063, More information
Silverberg, Gerald, 2011, Counterpoint: One Way to Save the Euro, New York Times Global Edition, More information
Silverberg, Gerald, 2011, Review of Complexity and Co-evolution: Continuity and Change in Socio-economic Systems by E. Garnsey and J. McGlade, Economica, 78: 188-190
Silverberg, Gerald & Simona Cantono, 2009, A percolation model of eco-innovation diffusion: The relationship between diffusion, learning economies and subsidies, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76: 487-496
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2007, The size distribution of innovations revisited: an application of extreme value statistics to citation and returns measures of patent significance, Journal of Econometrics, 127(2): 318-339
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2007, Self-organization of R&D search in complex technology spaces (Erratum), Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 2(2): 195-210
Silverberg, Gerald & Koen Frenken (eds.), 2007, Empirical Applications of Complex Systems Methodologies in Economics and Geography, Advances in Complex Systems, 10(1)
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2005, A Percolation Model of Innovation in Complex Technology Spaces , Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 29: 225-244
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2003, Breaking the Waves: A Poisson Regression Approach to Schumpeterian Clustering of Basic Innovations, The Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27: 671-693
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2002, A Percolation Model of Innovation in Complex Technology Spaces, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
Silverberg, Gerald, 2002, The Discrete Charm of the Bourgeoisie: Quantum and Continuous Perspectives on Innovation and Growth, Research Policy, 31: 1275-1289
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1995, An evolutionary model of long term cyclical variations of catching up and falling behind, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 5(3): 209-227
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1994, Learning, innovation and economic growth. A long run model of industrial dynamics, Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(1): 199-224
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1994, Collective learning, innovation and growth in a boundedly rational, evolutionary world, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 4(3): 207-226
Silverberg, Gerald & D. Lehnert, 1992, Long waves and 'evolutionary chaos' in a simple Schumpeterian model of embodied technical change, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 4: 9-37
Silverberg, Gerald, 1992, On the complex dynamics of technical change and economic evolution, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 51: 151-156
Silverberg, Gerald, 1991, Dynamic vintage models with Neo-Keynesian features, Technology and Productivity. The Challenge for Economic Policy
Silverberg, Gerald, G. Dosi & L. Orsenigo, 1988, Innovation, diversity and diffusion: A self organisation model, Economic Journal, 98(393): 1032-1054
Book chapters
Silverberg, Gerald, 2007, Long Waves: Conceptual, Empirical and Modelling Issues, in: H. Hanusch and A. Pyka (eds), The Elgar Companion to Neoschumpeterian Economics, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
Silverberg, Gerald, 2006, Long Waves in Global Warfare and Maritime Hegemony? A Complex Systems Perspective, in: D.C. Devezas (ed.), Kondratieff Waves, Warfare and World Security, IOS Press, Amsterdam
Schweitzer, F. & Gerald Silverberg, 2006, Konkurrenz, Selektion und Innovation in ökonomischen Systemen, in: T. Pöschel, H. Malchow and L. Schimansky-Geier (Eds.), Irreversible Prozesse und Selbstorganisation, Logos Verlag, Berlin
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2005, Evolutionary theorizing on economic growth, in: K Dopfer (Ed.), The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Silverberg, Gerald, 2003, Long Waves: Conceptual, Empirical and Modelling Issue, in: Hanusch, H. and Pyka, A. (Eds.), The Elgar Companion to Neoschumpeterian Economics, Edward Elgar, Aldershot
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2003, Long Memory and Economic Growth in the World Economy Since the 19th Century, in: Rangarajan, G. and Ding, M. (Eds.), Processes with Long Range Correlations: Theory and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1998, The selection of behavioural conventions in an evolutionary model of economic dynamics, in: M. Sanglier and F. Fukang (eds.), , Springer Verlag, Berlin
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1998, Economic growth as an evolutionary process, in: J. Lesourne and A. Orléan (eds.), Advances in Self-Organization and Evolutionary Economics, Economica, London
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1998, Economic growth and economic evolution: A modelling perspective, in: F. Schweitzer and Gerald Silverberg (eds.), Evolution and Self-Organization in Economics, Jahrbuch für Komplexität in den Natur-, Sozial und Geisteswissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Band 9
Silverberg, Gerald, 1998, Review essay on 'The economy as an evolving complex system II', in: F. Schweitzer and Geral Silverberg (eds.), Evolution and Self-Organisation in Economics, Jahrbuch für Komplexität in der Natur-, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Band 9
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1997, Economic growth: An evolutionary perspective, in: J. Reijnders (ed), Economies and Evolution, Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham
Silverberg, Gerald, 1997, Is there evolution after economics?, in: F. Schweitzer (ed.), Self-organisation of Complex Structures. From Individual to Collective Dynamics, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1996, An evolutionary model of long term cyclical variations of catching up and falling behind, in: K. Dopfer (ed.), The Global Dimension of Economic Evolution. Knowledge Variety and Diffusion in Economic Growth and Development, Physical-Verlag, Heidelberg
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1996, From the artificial to the endogenous: modeling evolutionary adaptation and economic growth, in: E. Helmstädter and M. Perlman (eds.), Behavioral Norms, Technological Progress, and Economic Dynamics, Studies in Schumpeterian Economics, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan
Silverberg, Gerald & D. Lehnert, 1996, Evolutionary chaos: Growth fluctuations in a Schumpeterian model of creative destruction, in: W.A. Barnett, A. Kirman and M. Salmon (eds.), Nonlinear Dynamics in Economics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1995, Evolutionary theorizing on economic growth, in: K. Dopfer (ed.), The Evolutionary Principles of Economics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Silverberg, Gerald & D. Lehnert, 1994, Growth fluctuations in an evolutionary model of creative destruction, in: G. Silverberg and L. Soete (eds.), The Economics of Growth and Technological Change. Technologies, Nations, Agents, Edward Elgar Publishing, Aldershot
Silverberg, Gerald, 1991, Selforganization, technical change, and economic evolution, in: W. Ebeling, M. Peschel and W. Weidlich (eds.), Models of Selforganization in Complex Systems (MOSES), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, Vol. 64
Silverberg, Gerald, 1991, Adoption and diffusion of technology as a collective evolutionary process, in: N. Nakicenovic and A. Grübler (eds.), The Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior, Springer Verlag, Berlin
Silverberg, Gerald, 1989, Patterns of evolution and patterns of explanation in economic theory, in: J. Casti and A. Karlqvist (eds.), Newton to Aristotle. Toward a Theory of Models for Living Systems, Birkhäuser, Boston, Basel and Berlin
Silverberg, Gerald, 1988, Modelling economic dynamics and technical change: Mathematical approaches to self-organisation and evolution, in: G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg and L. Soete, (eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter, London
Books (monograph or edited volume)
Silverberg, Gerald (ed.), 1998, Evolution and Self-Organisation in Economics, Jahrbuch für Komplexität in der Natur-, Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, Band 9, More information
Silverberg, Gerald & Luc Soete, 1994, The Economics of Growth and Technological Change. Technologies, Nations, Agents, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., Aldershot, 343 p, More information
Dosi, G., Chris Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerald Silverberg & Luc Soete (eds.), 1988, Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter, London, 656 p, More information
UNU-MERIT Working Papers
Frenken, Koen, Gerald Silverberg & Marco Valente, 2008, A percolation model of the product lifecycle, UNU-MERIT Working Paper 2008-073
Cantono, Simona & Gerald Silverberg, 2008, A percolation model of eco-innovation diffusion: the relationship between diffusion, learning economies and subsidies, UNU-MERIT Working Paper 2008-025
External working papers
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2003, Brewing the future: Stylized facts about innovation and their confrontation with a percolation model, ECIS Working Paper, Eindhoven, More information
Research memoranda
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2005, Self-organization of R&D search in complex technology spaces, MERIT Research Memoranda 2005-017
Silverberg, Gerald, 2005, When is a Wave a Wave? Long Waves as Empirical and Theoretical Constructs from a Complex Systems Perspective, MERIT Research Memoranda 2005-016
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2004, The size distribution of innovations revisited: an application of extreme value statistics to citation and value measures of patent significance, MERIT Research Memoranda 2004-021
Silverberg, Gerald, 2003, Long Waves: Conceptual, Empirical and Modelling Issues, Forthcoming in The Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Economics, edited by Horst Hanusch and Andreas Pyker, MERIT Research Memoranda 2003-015
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2002, A Percolation Model of Innovation in Complex Technology, MERIT Research Memoranda 2002-025
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2000, A Note on Michelacci and Zaffaroni, Long Memory, and Time Series of Economic Growth, MERIT Research Memoranda 2000-032
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 2000, Breaking the Waves: A Poisson Regression Approach to Schumpeterian Clustering of Basic Innovations, MERIT Research Memoranda 2000-027
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1999, Long Memory in Time Series of Economic Growth and Convergence, MERIT Research Memoranda 1999-016
Silverberg, Gerald, 1997, Evolutionary Modeling in Economics: Recent History and Immediate Prospects, MERIT Research Memoranda 1997-013
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1995, Evolutionary Theorizing on Economic Growth, MERIT Research Memoranda 1995-017
Silverberg, Gerald & Bart Verspagen, 1993, Collective Learning, Innovation and Growth in a Boundedly Rational, Evolutionary World, MERIT Research Memoranda 1993-019
Conference contributions
Silverberg, Gerald, 2001, The discrete charm of the bourgeoisie: Quantum and continuous perspectives on innovation and growth, Paper presented at the Nelson and Winter conference in Aalborg, Denmark (forthcoming in Research Policy)
Other (editorship, media appearance, keynote, etc.)
Silverberg, Gerald, 2010, Review of "Complexity and Co-Evolution: Continuity and Change in Socio-Economic Systems”, by Garnsey, E. and McGLADE, J., Economica, 2011, Vol 78, Issue 309, 188 -190
Frenken, Koen & Gerald Silverberg (eds.), 2007, Advances in Complex Systems, 10(1)