Climate change and migration: Reviewing the role of access to agricultural adaptation measures
Manisha Mukherjee
#2022-039
This study examines the moderating role of access to agricultural
adaptation measures in how climate change is affecting human migration
in the middle- and low-income countries. The literature on the
association between climate change, agricultural production, and
migration has seen a dramatic expansion in the past decade and
highlighted the complexity of the process. Yet, a crucial link that is
missing in the discussions is the interlinkage between migration
responses and access to in-situ agricultural adaptation measures. To
address this gap, I build this study on an emerging approach that treats
adaptation to climate change as an additional component of sustainable
economic development. I systematically review 81 quantitative and
qualitative studies on the nexus of climate change, migration, and
agriculture in the middle- and low-income countries and investigate the
migration responses of agricultural households in conjunction with
access to agricultural adaptation measures. I find a significant overlap
between the social class of farmers, their capabilities to adapt in
situ, and their migration decisions. The migration responses vary across
agricultural households based on access to in-situ adaptation measures.
Additionally, this interaction is heavily moderated by other local
contextual factors- such as easy access to credit, participation in
social networks, ethnic and social fractionalization, presence of
conflicts, and social structures. Based on the findings, I propose a
conceptual framework that could aid in deconstructing the migration
responses of agricultural households in less-developed countries.
Furthermore, I highlight critical policy gaps in building
climate-resilient rural economies and suggest future research agendas
with regard to climate change, migration, and agricultural adaptation
measures.
JEL Classification: O13, O15, Q01, Q15, R2
Keywords: Climate change, Human mobility, Agriculture, Adaptation, Economic development, Systematic review