How does innovation take place in the mining industry? Understanding the logic behind innovation in a changing context
Beatriz Calzada Olvera & Michiko Iizuka
#2020-019
Mining activity has been contributing to the income of resource-rich
developing countries but it has also been considered as a "curse" for
economic development. Reviews of a literature from innovation
perspective reveal that the sector has the following
mutually-influencing constraints on innovation: a) the commodity price
is volatile and exogenously-determined, leaving no scope for
differentiation; b) mining firms have low incentive for investing in
knowledge (e.g. research and development (R & D)) due to low
appropriability; c) development of mines require large, upfront, and
long-term investments, leaving no room to take additional risks; d)
mining firms tend to operate in an enclave, with limited backward and
forward linkages; and e) comparative advantage is largely determined by
the presence of mineral deposit not by productive capability. This study
aims to bring together evidence to understand the innovation mechanisms
in the mining sector. We uncovered that innovation and linkages in
mining sector are closely related to commodity prices as follows: a)
mineral exploration, a risky, knowledge-intensive investment to increase
mineral supply that leads to profit, is equivalent to R&D; b) mining
firms increase the exploration and R&D investments when the mineral
prices rise; c) mining firms rely on innovation by the suppliers to
reduce production cost; and d) mining firms increase the use of
suppliers when mineral prices fall. The better understanding of
innovation mechanism in mining sector enables to formulate effective
policies to make the sector to be a catalyst in transforming the economy
of resource rich developing countries.
JEL Classification: L72 O25
Keywords: the resource curse, mining, innovation, economic development,
extractive industry