The impact of sectoral heterogeneities in economic growth and catching up: Empirical evidence for Latin American manufacturing industries
Alejandro Lavopa
#2011-075
Building on different strands of literature this paper proposes an
approach to characterize the structural patterns followed by the
manufacturing sector of Latin American largest economies ¡VArgentina,
Brazil and Mexico¡V during the last decades. The main focus of this
approach relies on the evolution of technological gaps with the world
frontier. Measures of relative labour productivity with respect to the
US (as a proxy for technological gaps) are used to identify industries
with different degrees of modernity and to analyze their distribution in
different points of time in order to establish stylized patterns in
their structural trajectories.
The empirical analysis provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that
the economies of the region are characterized by high and persistent
sectoral heterogeneities. Moreover, it suggests that the manufacturing
sector of these economies had followed a trajectory of partial
catching-up with structural polarization. In short, these economies are
lagging behind at the aggregate manufacturing level, but show very
heterogeneous trends within their own structures. While a small fraction
of industries seems to be using technologies close to the frontier or
has managed to achieve fast reductions in the technological gap, the
remaining industries are far away from the technological frontier and
keep lagging further behind.
Keywords: Latin America; Manufacturing; Structural change; Catching-up
JEL Classification: L16 (Industrial Structure and Structural Change);
O14 (Industrialization); N66 (Manufacturing and Construction in Latin
America)