The Use and Economic Impacts of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Sudan
Samia S. O. M. Nour
#2011-060
This paper discusses the use, economic importance and impact of the use
of ICT in public and private Sudanese universities. We explain that the
use of ICT has grown, despite many obstacles in Sudan. Different from
the Sudanese literature, a novel element in our analysis is that we use
new primary data from an ICT university survey undertaken in Sudan in
2009. We provide a new contribution and fill a significant gap in the
Sudanese literature by examining from demand perspective and from the
public-private perspective, the status, pattern, structure and
determinants of demand for ICT and the economic impacts of ICT use: the
potential opportunities and challenges that ICT is expected to create
and role of ICT in facilitating production, creation and transfer of
knowledge in public and private Sudanese universities. Our results
verify the hypotheses that the use of ICT, mainly Internet, facilitates
connections, networks and communication within knowledge institutions in
Sudan and with regional and international institutions. The use of ICT
also enhances collaboration between Sudanese universities and regional
and international universities and integration of Sudanese universities
into the system of global knowledge production. Our findings support the
hypothesis that the use of ICT enhances access, production and
dissemination of knowledge in Sudanese universities. Finally, our
findings support the hypothesis that the use of ICT introduces the
'creative-destruction' effect by providing opportunities for
transformation and knowledge production, but simultaneously also creates
hazards to transformation and knowledge production in knowledge
institutions in public and private universities in Sudan: the positive
transformation is building connections and organisational changes,
whilst the negative transformation is building disconnections for those
who do not share the knowledge and do not know how to use ICT. We find
that the most important advantages related to the use of Internet for
facilitating connections and transformation and enhancing the
production, creation and transfer of knowledge include: increasing
digital knowledge for academics and researchers through information that
was earlier not available or accessible; rapid quantitative (in number)
and qualitative (efficiency and speed) increase in transferring
available information; development of a new model for disseminating and
distributing electronic information, where the information has moved
towards the user; increased creation and transfer of knowledge; and
increased free access to electronic publications for academic purposes.
Our findings indicate that the top problem related to the use of
Internet is the lack of, or inadequate, regular budget for university
libraries to pay for access to scientific and technical information and
have licenses or subscriptions to international journals. We recommend
further efforts to be made to facilitate the use of ICT for enhancing
knowledge and hence economic development in Sudan.
Key words: ICT demand, ICT impacts, public-private universities,
knowledge, Sudan.
JEL Classification: O10, O12, O30