Mining and quality of public services: The role of local governance and decentralisation
Maty Konte & Rose Vincent
#2019-041
This paper investigates the effects of mining on the quality of public
services - as reported by the citizens - and on people's optimism about
their future living conditions. More particularly, it examines how the
quality of local governance and the level of decentralisation may shape
the proximity to mine effects. We connect more than 130,000 respondents
from the Afrobarometer survey data (2005-2014) to their closest mines
based on the geolocation coordinates of the enumeration areas and data
on the mines and their respective status from the SNL Metals & Mining.
Using a difference-in-difference strategy, the results from the baseline
model suggest that residents living within 50 km to an active mine are
less likely to approve the government performance in key public goods
and services delivery. Compared to the distance to an inactive mine, the
geographical closeness to an active mine lowers the likelihood of a
positive assessment by 2.2% points on how the government handles
improving living standards of the poor, by 2.6% points on job creation,
by 1.2% points for both health services and water and sanitation, by
1.9% points on public services as a whole. Living near an active mine
also lowers optimism about future living conditions by 1.7% points.
Exploring the confoundedness of local governance and decentralisation,
the results show that the incidence of bribe payments (effective
corruption) at the local level has a negative effect on the relationship
between mining and quality of public services. On the other hand, we
found that the closeness to a mine tends to have a positive effect in
more decentralised countries; however, the positive marginal effects of
decentralisation tend to be reduced in an environment with poor quality
of local governance, high incidence of bribe payment and low level of
trust in local government officials. In communities within 50-km to an
active mine, low corruption and high decentralisation is the best-case
scenario, while high decentralisation and high corruption constitute the
worst scenario.
Keywords: Mining, Public Services, Local Governance, Decentralisation, Africa
JEL Classification: H410, H700, O550, Q000