Poverty traps: the neglected role of vitality
Aline Meysonnat, Joan Muysken & Adriaan van Zon
#2015-052
This paper proposes an integrated framework that incorporates both the
"physical" and the "behavioural" dimensions of poverty in developing
countries and their consequences for aggregate savings behaviour. To
this end a concept is introduced, labelled "vitality", which captures
the idea that being near subsistence consumption levels not only has an
impact on the ability to save, but also on the willingness to save. We
introduce the notion of a "vitality threshold" which marks a situation
where the willingness to invest into the future changes - this is
represented by a change in the discount rates.
The recognition of transition paths from a "pessimistic", low-savings
regime with high discount rates to an "optimistic" regime with
relatively high savings enables us to analyse the transition of
countries through various stages of development. In addition to this, we
can shed new light on poverty traps by looking at below subsistence
consumption scenarios. Finally we can infer specific policy implications
concerning development aid. For instance, if a country is in a
pessimistic, low-savings regime, we argue that a transfer should be high
enough to push a country above the subsistence-level consumption
threshold by far enough to enable it to reach the optimistic, high
savings regime and consequently grow out of poverty. The existence of
vitality thresholds implies that marginal changes in development
assistance may have non-marginal long-term effects.
JEL Classification: O1,O2,I13
Key words: poverty trap, subsistence consumption, vitality, foreign aid