Caste as Community? Networks of social affinity in a South Indian village
Saurabh Arora & Bulat Sanditov
#2009-037
We examine three theories of caste and community using new data on
social networks among residents of a south Indian village. The first
theory treats individual caste groups as separated communities driven by
the Brahmanical ideology of hierarchy based on purity and pollution. The
second theory departs from the first by placing kings and landlords at
the centre of rural (primeval) social structure. Here ritual giving by
kings provides the glue that holds a community together by transferring
inauspiciousness to gift-recipients and ensuring community welfare. The
third theory, that may be treated as a corollary of the second, argues
that powerful leaders in the religious and political domains act as
patrons of people in their constituencies and forge a sense of
community. The resulting community may be single or multi-caste. Using a
community structure algorithm from social network analysis, we divide
the network of the village into thirteen tight-knit clusters. We find
that no cluster or community in the social network has exactly the same
boundaries as a caste group in the village. Barring three exceptions,
all clusters are multi-caste. Our results are most consistent with the
third theory: each cluster has a patron/leader who represents the
interests of his constituency at village-level fora and bridges caste
and community divides.
Keywords: Social networks, culture, caste, social change, community
development, rural India
JEL codes: Z13, O10
UNU-MERIT Working Papers
ISSN 1871-9872